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The One Big Union was an idea in the late 19th and early 20th centuries amongst trade unionists to unite the interests of workers and offer solutions to all labor problems. Unions initially organised as craft or trade unions. Workers were organized by their skill: carpenters, plumbers, bricklayers, each into their respective unions. Capitalists could often divide craft and trade unionists along these lines in demarcation disputes. As capitalist enterprises and state bureaucracies became more centralised and larger, some workers felt that their institutions needed to become similarly large. A simultaneous disenchantment with the perceived weakness of craft unions caused many unions to organize along industrial lines. As envisioned by the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) – which for many years prior to 1919 had been associated with the concept〔Marion Dutton Savage, Industrial Unionism in America, 1922, page 176.〕 – One Big Union was not just the idea that all workers should be organised into one big union. In the 1911 pamphlet "One Big Union", IWW supporters Father Thomas J. Hagerty and William Trautmann enumerated two goals: One Big Union needed to "combine the wage-workers in such a way that it can most successfully fight the battles and protect the interests of the workers of today in their struggles for fewer hours of toil, more wages and better conditions," and it also "must offer a final solution of the labor problem—an emancipation from strikes, injunctions, bull-pens, and scabbing of one against the other."〔Thomas J. Hagerty and W. E. Trautmann, One Big Union, An Outline of a Possible Industrial Organization of the Working Class, with Chart, 1st edition, Charles H. Kerr & Company, 1911. See also William E. Trautmann, "One Big Union," 1st edition (1913?) (http://www.marxists.org/history/usa/unions/iww/1911/trautmannobu.htm ); retitled as "One Great Union," 5th revised edition (1915) ( http://debs.indstate.edu/t7778o5_1915.pdf ).〕 One Big Union was the notional organizational concept, while the IWW's revolutionary industrial unionism was the organizing method by which that concept could be realized. "Organizing the One Big Union of all workers the world over" was meant to achieve "working class control."〔Letter from the IWW's Marine Transport Workers union Port of New York organizing committee to Irish workers, as recorded in Revolutionary Radicalism, New York (State) Legislature, Joint Legislative Committee to Investigate Seditious Activities, Clayton Riley, page 898.〕 But the One Big Union organizations were resisted by government and industry, and subverted by existing trade unions. By 1925, only the slogan of One Big Union remained. ==One Big Union in practice== The Industrial Workers of the World adopted and promoted the concept of the One Big Union after the publication of the "One Big Union" pamphlet in 1911; the IWW continues to use the phrase.〔http://www.iww.org/culture/official/obu/index.shtml retrieved March 21, 2009.〕 Members of the IWW historically, and currently, signed and sign letters (and other communications) with the closing, "Yours for the O.B.U."〔Philip Sheldon Foner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States, 1980, 4th edition, page 133.〕 Many commentators regard One Big Union as synonymous with the Industrial Workers of the World.〔 One of the popular IWW publications was called ''One Big Union Monthly''.〔Philip Sheldon Foner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States, 1980, 4th edition, page 166.〕 The IWW promoted the One Big Union concept in various ways, including as an invitation to racial equality. One IWW leaflet proclaimed:
The IWW used the same sort of arguments to welcome women into the workforce.〔Philip Sheldon Foner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States, 1980, 4th edition, pages 127-28.〕 The appeal subsequently proclaimed the intent to organize "all wage workers . . . into One Big Union, regardless of creed, color, or nationality . . . An injury to one is an injury to all."〔Philip Sheldon Foner, History of the labor movement in the United States, 1980, 4th edition, page 243.〕 The One Big Union idea had the immediate goals of better pay, shorter hours, and better surroundings.〔Philip Sheldon Foner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States, 1980, 4th edition, page 278.〕 The IWW propagandized, "Organize in one big union and fight for a chance to live as human beings should live. All together now and victory will be ours."〔 Philip Sheldon Foner, ''History of the Labor Movement in the United States'', 1980, 4th edition, page 356. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「One Big Union (concept)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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